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Residential and Commercial
Residential and Commercial
A residential building is defined as the building which provides more than half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. In other words, residential building provides sleeping accommodation with or without cooking or dining or both facilities.
Residential buildings are divided into following types:
- Individual houses or private dwellings
- Lodging or rooming houses
- Dormitories
- Apartments
- Hotels
Selection of site for any building is a very important and experts job and should be done very very carefully by an experienced engineer. The requirements of site for buildings with different occupancies are different.Following are some of the important factors which should be considered while selecting site for any residence.
- The site should be in fully developed area or in the area which has potential of development.
- There should be good transport facilities such as railway, bus service, for going to office, college, market, etc.
- Civic services such as water supply, drainage sewers, electric lines, telephone lines, etc. should be very near to the selected site so as to obtain their services with no extra cost.
- Soil at site should not be of made up type as far as possible. The buildings constructed over such soils normally undergo differential settlement and sometimes become the cause of collapse. Cracks in buildings in such conditions, are quite common
- The selected site should be large enough; both to ensure the building abundant light and air to prevent any over dominance by the neighboring buildings.
commercial construction involves the designing, renovating and building of commercial structures. Projects use heavy equipment funded by developers, as well as local and national governments.
Developers and contractors compete for construction contracts by submitting proposal bids. The more detailed and accurate the plan, the better chances of winning the project. The size, budget and scope determine how much money it will cost to break ground and complete a build.
Commercial construction projects can be small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale in size. These projects are made up of everything from restaurants to office structures to high-rise buildings seen in major cities.
Type 1: Small-scale Construction
Small-scale construction involves fixing sewage systems, remodeling and renovating buildings’ interiors and exteriors. Projects are shorter in length and need less equipment and crew members.
Type 2: Medium-Scale Construction
Medium-scale construction involves upgrading, expanding space and building projects from the ground up. Projects are more complex than small-scale projects, like adding more stories to a building. This means that projects can take several months to a year to complete.
Large-Scale Construction
Large scale construction projects develop hotels, airports, government buildings, roads and skyscrapers. Major commercial development companies and government agencies fund these “megaprojects.” Large teams use heavy equipment to add multiple stories and to develop large masses of land. The long-term projects can take several years to complete.
Differences between Residential and Commercial construction
There are lots of significant differences between residential and commercial building construction based upon codes used, building materials, costs, equipment, timelines, etc. These differences have been duly explained below based on the respective functional purposes and requirements.
Cost of Construction and Maintenance: Commercial building construction is much more costly than residential building construction in general. The vast difference in cost of both the types of building is not only because of the regulatory licences and code practices adhered to, and the cost of materials used but also because of the overhead cost, equipment used and number of labourers involved and their skills required. The workers involved in commercial construction may have an upgraded skill set and a completely different hiring pattern that is necessary for this kind of construction. The cost involved in procuring materials for both types of construction and in acquiring and use of different equipment also vary greatly. Residential buildings are usually financed by individuals whereas commercial buildings are generally financed by government firms, rich businessmen, bank sponsored corporations, real estate developers, etc. Commercial building construction cannot be accomplished without an intermediary known as a contractor who can look after the entire project, manage it and even hire subcontractors to perform specific tasks.
This additional cost is generally unnecessary for residential buildings.Residential buildings are built in accordance with the house owners’ demand whereas commercial building constructions are built accordingly for the diverse business owners who will be occupying different spaces in the commercial building structure. Residential buildings are designed for a load capacity much less than commercial buildings. Due to the enigmatic nature of a commercial building, the many heavy and costly equipment used and the resultant high budget, commercial building construction and the equipment being used are more often insured against any kind of damage. Residential construction on the other hand do not include these costs because of their low damage risk probability. The maintenance cost required in commercial buildings is also much higher than residential structures.Commercial buildings are preferred due the high ROI on completion and the profitable ventures that can be carried out within it.
Estimated Time: Commercial building construction are used for business purposes because of which they have to be completed at a faster pace and within a lower time limit in order to generate the desired revenue from the proceeds of business ventures. This is the reason why commercial building construction is completed within less time as compared to residential buildings. There is no hurry in completing a residential building because there is no urgency involved. Due the huge budget involved in commercial building construction, owners direct their contractors to complete the project within a competitive time limit to save on cost of labourers and equipment for a longer period of time. Commercial buildings nowadays are assisted by various semi-automated and automated processes, such as precast components, software tools for design and maintenance purposes, power tools, etc.
Materials Used: The construction materials used in creating structural components vary hugely for both the residential and commercial building construction process. The properties of materials used for commercial building construction can be stronger and a level up in its durability and strength properties. Heavy steel reinforcement, cement with higher grade and finer sand quality are used in commercial building constructions. Due to the huge amount of money invested by the owner, materials should be inspected and checked for quality as required for the construction project. Precasts are rarely used in construction of residential buildings, but the use of precasts is somewhat inevitable that is adopted in construction of commercial buildings due to time constraint, better structural quality requirement and a much higher footfall in general.
Equipment Used: Construction of commercial buildings involves the use of sophisticated specialised and heavy equipment due to its large scale and structural complexity. Commercial construction may require heavy equipment like cranes, earthmovers, bulldozers, dumper trucks, etc. During a commercial construction process the surrounding areas are affected by the nuisance caused by noise pollution, waste generated and impact of heavy works going on the construction site whereas in construction of come residential buildings no search nuisance is created and the surrounding neighbours can carry on with their usual. There is rarely any kind of heavy equipment used in the construction of residential buildings and at the most concrete mixers or concrete pumpers may be used.